Online anatomy education during the Covid-19 pandemic: Opinions of medical, speech therapy, and BSc Anatomy students.

With the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, it was difficult to predict if the "cadaveric-based (golden) standard" of teaching anatomy would be possible in the unforeseeable future. This forced traditional anatomical teaching and learning practices to be transitioned to remote online platforms. This study explored the opinions of anatomy students (n = 51), on their online learning experience of anatomy during the Covid-19 pandemic. A mixed methods approach using a descriptive, exploratory study design was conducted, by use of an online survey. The survey consisted of a six-point Likert scale and was assembled into four sub-categories. Likert scale options ranged from; strongly disagree, to strongly agree, and not applicable. Results obtained seem to tally with expectations, indicating an adequate theoretical course component with room to improve practical online teaching. Most participants had a positive perception of the theoretical course content, duration, and platforms of communication. Virtual classes were simple to navigate with few technical difficulties experienced by the participants. Students also noted having access to sufficient study material, videos, and additional online material. Overall, more than half of all participants reported adapting well to the remote learning environment, however, the greatest challenge experienced highlighted a sense of deprivation from the lack of cadaver exposure and hands-on instruction. This research highlighted the effects of the pandemic on the modality of anatomy education and how it affected students. Although anatomy is multi-modal, it can be concluded that it is possible to achieve academic success by using online learning methods.

Reflexiones acerca de algunos de los efectos de la pandemia en la clínica con niños y adolescentes / Reflections on some of the effects of the pandemic in the clinic with children and adolescents / Réflexions sur certains effets de la pandémie dans la clinique avec les enfants et les adolescents / Reflexões sobre alguns dos efeitos da pandemia na clínica com crianças e adolescentes

El presente artículo plantea reflexiones respecto de algunas consecuencias en la clínica con niños/as y adolescentes debidos al impacto de la pandemia por Covid19. Se señala la acción de la incertidumbre y lo imprevisible sobre la subjetividad de la población y se propone recordar los acontecimientos ligados a las medidas de protección (Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio, de dos años de duración) y resignificarlos para aventurar una incipiente historización sobre algunos de los efectos que la pandemia produjo sobre la labor clínica con niños/as y adolescentes. A tal fin, se toma como eje conceptual rector el desarrollo freudiano sobre la retracción libidinal y sus consecuencias para el Yo, y los cambios en los recursos técnicos que debieron implementarse al incluirse las sesiones on-line. Se puntualizan las consecuencias perturbadoras de la pandemia respecto de los niños pequeños, con patologías graves y en los adolescentes tomando en cuenta la especificidad de sus características subjetivas AU

The following paper presents reflections on certain consequences on the clinic with children and teenagers due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. The action of uncertainty and the unpredictable on the subjectivity of the population is pointedout and it is proposed to recall the events linked to protection measures (Mandatory Preventive Isolation, lasting two years) and resignify them to venture an incipient historicization about some of the effects that the pandemic produced on clinical work with children and adolescents.For this purpose, the Freudian development on libidinal withdrawal and its consequences for the Self, and the changes in the technical resources that had to be implemented when online sessions were installed, are taken as theguiding conceptual axis. The disturbing consequences of the pandemic are pointed out regarding young children, those with serious pathologies and in adolescents, taking into account the specificity of their subjective characteristics AU

Cet article propose des réflexions concernant certaines conséquences en clinique auprès des enfants et des adolescents dû à l'impact de la pandémie de Covid19. Les conséquences de l'incertitude et de l'imprévisible sur la subjectivité de la population sont dénotées et il est proposé de rappeler les événements liés aux mesures de protection (Isolement Préventif Obligatoire, d'une durée de deux ans) et de les resignifier pour s'aventurer à un début d'historisation de certains des effets que la pandémie a eu sur le travail clinique avec les enfants et les adolescents. Pour cela, le développement freudien sur le retrait libidinal et ses conséquences sur le Moi, et les évolutions des moyens techniques qu'il a fallu mettre en œuvre lors de l'implémentation des séances en ligne, sont pris comme axe conceptuel directeur.Les conséquences inquiétantes de la pandémie sont dénotées concernant les jeunes enfants, atteints de pathologies graves, et les adolescents, tout en prenant en compte la spécificité de leurs caractéristiques subjectives AU

Este artigo traz reflexões sobre algumas consequências na clínica com crianças e adolescentes devido ao impacto da pandemia de Covid19. Aponta-se a ação da incerteza e do imprevisível sobre a subjetividade da população e propõe-se relembrar os eventos vinculados às medidas de proteção (Isolamento Preventivo Obrigatório, com duração de dois anos) e ressignifica esses para arriscar uma incipiente historicização sobre alguns dos efeitos que a pandemia produziu no trabalho clínico com crianças e adolescentes. Para tanto, toma-se como eixo conceitual constitutivo o desenvolvimento freudiano sobre a retirada libidinal e suas consequências para o Ego, e as mudanças nos recursos técnicos que tiveram que ser implementados quando da inclusão das sessões online. As consequências perturbadoras da pandemia são apontadas em relação às crianças pequenas, aos portadores de patologias graves e aos adolescentes, tendo em conta a especificidade das suas características subjetivas AU

Potência e desafios: clínica psicanalítica online na saúde pública em pandemia / Potency and challenges: online psychoanalytic work in pandemic public health / Potencia y desafios: clínica psicoanalítica en línea en salud pública en pandemia / Puissance et défis: pandémie dans la santé publique et des réflexions concernant la clinique en ligne

RESUMO Pretendemos aqui discutir as peculiaridades da clínica em saúde pública junto a crianças e suas famílias durante a pandemia, considerando os impasses impostos pelo isolamento social e o acolhimento oferecido, mostrando a potência dos atendimentos online. Em contexto público já precário antes da covid-19, enfatizamos a valorização do trabalho clínico e da discussão psicanalítica para colaborar para a saúde institucional no oferecimento de nossos serviços à comunidade. Apresentam-se vinhetas clínicas ilustrativas.

ABSTRACT We intend here to discuss the peculiarities of the community health clinical services with children and their families during the pandemic, considering the impasses imposed by social isolation and the containment offered, showing the power of online sessions. In a public context already precarious before covid-19, we emphasize the relevance of clinical work and psychoanalytic discussion to collaborate for institutional health in offering our services to the community. Clinical vignettes are presented.

RESUMEN Aquí tenemos la intención de discutir las peculiaridades de la clínica de salud pública con los niños y sus familias durante la pandemia, teniendo en cuenta los interrogantes impuestos por el aislamiento social y la recepción ofrecida, mostrando el poder del trabajo en línea. En un contexto público ya precario antes de covid-19, enfatizamos la valorización del trabajo clínico y la discusión psicoanalítica para colaborar por la salud institucional en la oferta de nuestros servicios a la comunidad. Se presentan viñetas clínicas ilustrativas.

RESUMÉ On a l'intention de discuter ici les singularités de la clinique en santé clinique auprès des enfants et leurs familles pendant la pandémie, toute en considérant les impasses imposées par la distanciation sociale et les accueils offerts, et en démontrant la puissance des soins en ligne. Dans un contexte public déjà précaire avant le covid-19, nous soulignons la mise en valeur du travail clinique et de la discussion psychanalytique pour contribuer à la santé institutionnelle en offrant nos services à la communauté. On présente des vignettes cliniques pour illustrer.

Connected: Recommendations and Techniques in Order to Employ Internet Tools for the Enhancement of Online Therapeutic Relationships. Experiences from Italy.

The article explores the different types of therapeutic relationship that can evolve both on- and offline, thanks to the use of tools, such as software and applications, which enable therapists and patients contact outside of the traditional setting. Given the premise that it is practically impossible today to maintain a relationship without the use of internet and telephones, it becomes necessary to question the ways in which the online space can become a useful extension of the therapeutic setting. The authors, starting from a consideration regarding the specificity of the online therapeutic relationship, analyze the best ways to use text and email messaging with patients. Furthermore, specific interactions via group chats are presented, for example, to coordinate a therapeutic team involving several professionals. Further, video chat settings are discussed through a clinical case presentation. Lastly, the therapist's management of social networks is debated, underscoring the importance for the therapists that his or her online identity be consistent with the offline image which patients are introduced to in the traditional setting of the therapy room.